Evaluating the efficiency of PEM electrolyzers is paramount for determining their viability within sustainable energy systems. Factors such as operating conditions significantly influence both efficiency and cost. A comprehensive analysis should consider the consequences of various parameters, including temperature. By optimizing these parameters,

PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a promising technology for the green production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to split water into its constituent molecules: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a conductive barrier, allowing protons to migrate across while blocking the passage of ions. This process results in

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant advancements in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements feature improvements in catalyst materials, membrane durability, and system configuration. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly competitive for various ap